These include the amount taken and potency (concentration and strength), as well as a person’s unique biology, age, sex, personality, mood, expectations, mindset-commonly called “set”-and environment, or “setting.” 3,11 Using psychedelic and dissociative drugs that contain contaminants or using them in combination with other substances may also produce effects not associated with using these drugs alone. Effects vary widely. Effects of psychedelic and dissociative drugs may be difficult to predict and depend on many factors.While research is ongoing, scientific studies have revealed important information about how these drugs work: NIDA supports and conducts research on the short- and long-term health effects of psychedelic and dissociative drugs to better inform health decisions and policies related to their use. For more information, see “ How do psychedelic and dissociative drugs work in the brain?” Other drugs such as MDMA, ibogaine, and salvia work on a variety of brain functions to cause psychedelic or dissociative effects. While dissociative drugs can alter perception, they also typically make people feel disconnected from their body and environment. These are part of the brain’s system for transporting glutamate, another neurotransmitter. 10ĭissociative drugs, including ketamine and PCP, block the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. At certain doses, psychedelics may bring on vivid visions or sensations, alter a person’s sense of self, and promote feelings of insightfulness or connection. Known as 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) 2A receptors, these are targets for the neurotransmitter (chemical messenger) serotonin.
Psychedelic drugs (also called “classic psychedelics” or “psychedelics”), including psilocybin and LSD, mainly interact with specific receptors, which are molecular structures in the brain. 6ĭrugs such as MDMA, 7 ibogaine, 8 and salvia 9 affect a variety of brain functions to cause psychedelic and/or dissociative effects.Īll of these substances have mind-altering properties with the potential to cause changes in thought processes, mood, and perception of reality. These drugs can make people feel disconnected from their body and environment. Includes: psilocybin, LSD, DMT, mescaline, NBOMesĭrugs that primarily affect how the brain processes the chemical glutamate. They can bring on vivid visions and affect a person’s sense of self.
Psychedelic drugsĭrugs that primarily influence the way the brain processes the chemical serotonin. 3 Some people use the term “hallucinogens” to refer to all or some psychedelic and dissociative drugs.
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While researchers debate how to describe and classify psychedelic and dissociative drugs and other drugs with similar properties, they generally group these drugs according to how they work in the brain. Researchers are also studying whether some of these substances may be effective treatments for mental health disorders, including addiction, when administered in a clinical setting. NIDA conducts and supports research on psychedelic and dissociative drugs to help inform policies and health decisions around their use. 2 People report using psychedelic and dissociative drugs for a variety of reasons, including seeking new, fun, healing, or spiritual experiences. Some psychedelic and dissociative drugs are also synthetic (lab-made). Many psychedelic drugs derive from plants and fungi, and some have been used for thousands of years in traditional or religious rituals. 2,3 People who use these drugs also report experiencing intense or distorted visions or sensations. 1 Among other health effects and safety concerns, people who use psychedelic and dissociative drugs report feeling strong emotions, ranging from intense happiness and a feeling of connectedness to fear, anxiety, and confusion. Psychedelic and dissociative drugs can temporarily alter a person’s mood, thoughts, and perceptions of reality.
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